"Science and superstition are inimical, and hence as the one advances the other recedes, and thus we effect objects."
Gilbert Vale
BEACON New Series 1:1
November 16, 1839
For those unaware, Gilbert Vale (1799-1866) was the subject of the blog author’s MA thesis and doctoral dissertation. Vale wrote the first American biography of Thomas Paine and organized the creation of the Thomas Paine Monument in New Rochelle, NY. Vale was an educator, lecturer, printer/editor, and author — an exceptional individual placed in my graduate work and forthcoming biography as Thomas Paine’s leading nineteenth-century successor in America.